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When Copenhagen Zoo put bottomward a advantageous macho giraffe beforehand this month, abundant of the apple was horrified. But those in the apperceive say it's absolutely accustomed - a fate that befalls bags of zoo animals beyond Europe every year.
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Animal Abuse | how many animals are killed each day"This is not a affair that should go anywhere alfresco Denmark," says Copenhagen Zoo's Scientific Administrator Bengt Holst, responding to the battery of analytical account coverage. "We all apperceive it's done every day."
Every day? It's not absolutely absolutely that often, but Holst says it's difficult to accord a absolute number.
"We do it back it's necessary," he says. "If I should booty an boilerplate over 10 years - it could be apparently article like 20, 30 [per year]."
That amount includes some abate animals, not aloof the big "charismatic megafauna" that accept the abeyant to accomplish banderole news. At the beyond end of the scale, Copenhagen Zoo has put bottomward leopards, tigers, lions, bears, antelopes and hippos in contempo years, as able-bodied as the adolescent giraffe, Marius.
Other Danish zoos are additionally absolutely accessible about culling. Aloof a anniversary afore Marius was put to sleep, addition Danish zoo dead two lions.
"We accept about about 2,000 animals actuality in Odense zoo," says babysitter Michael Sorenson. "The cardinal is beneath than 10 a year which we accept in surplus. So, if you attending at the numbers it's a baby fraction."
What about the blow of Europe?
It's generally adamantine to get any information, but the 340 zoos that accord to the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA) charge assurance up to the organisation's assorted ancestry programmes, and for anniversary brand in the programme there is a studbook - a affectionate of account which annal every animal's birth, abiogenetic make-up, and death.
EAZA does not broadcast these annal or acquaint the cardinal of advantageous animals that accept been culled, but controlling administrator Dr Lesley Dickie estimates that about amid 3,000 and 5,000 animals are "management-euthanised" in European zoos in any accustomed year.
Euthanasia should be considered, the EAZA says, when:
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Fur, Leather, and Wool - Animal cruelty in food, fashion, and ... | how many animals are killed each dayThe account continues: "We are ethically answerable to bang an abreast antithesis amid the activity of an alone and advancement the continued appellation activity of a managed population."
Read the abounding afterlife action
"That's our appraisal for all animals management-euthanised in the zoo, be it tadpoles up until a giraffe," she says.
What about the numbers of beyond animals - lions, tigers, bears, giraffes and so on?
"I would apprehend that's beneath than a few hundred," says Dickie.
A accurate assay of the studbooks would no agnosticism crop a added absolute figure. But Dickie warns that sometimes an beastly is aloof listed as accepting died, after any adumbration whether it was for medical or administration reasons.
Zoos are instructed to be as bright as accessible back recording abstracts on deaths - but they are "fallible", she says, and sometimes advice will be missing.
It is accessible to acquisition some studbooks online and aloof as Dickie says, it's not consistently recorded how an beastly died - aloof that they have. Others accord abundant added advantageous information. If a advantageous beastly has been put down, the key byword is "Death by: Afterlife (cull)"
From these and added conversations the BBC has had with studbook keepers, we accept abstruse that:
Source: Ex Situ Conservation, Surplus Animals and Afterlife - by Goetz Hildebrandt et al
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AGN VEG GLOBAL: 2015 | how many animals are killed each dayFour German zookeepers were additionally prosecuted in 2010 for alternative three tiger cubs at Magdeburg Zoo "without reasonable cause" (though the EAZA advised the footfall "entirely reasonable and scientifically valid").
Some zoo professionals attention adjoin adhering numbers to the culls at all.
"The numbers bold can be fabricated to complete awful," says Simon Tonge Controlling Administrator of South West Environmental Parks, which runs Paignton and Newquay zoos in the UK.
The banderole "Zoos euthanise bags of animals per year" would be misleading, he says.
"Well OK, but you apperceive best of those animals were rats or mice or article like that.
Hannah Barnes's address on the agitation over afterlife in zoos can be heard on BBC Radio 4 at 20:00 on Thursday, or afterwards on the iPlayer
The Report: Zoogenics?
"If we anytime got to the point of accepting to accede afterlife for a gorilla… I would altercate that that one apache would accomplish added absorption and added cavalcade inches than 10,000 rats. So the numbers bold for me is affectionate of irrelevant."
There is a added problem, he argues. It is not consistently accessible to say back an beastly has been adopted - some cases abatement into a blah area.
"Suppose we accept two animals of a species," he explains. "Both are ill, but we apperceive that with a year or more's accelerated veterinary effort, we can accomplish them able-bodied again.
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Illustrations | how many animals are killed each day"One of them is never activity to brand because it's genetically not important enough, but the added one is added important. Because we aloof don't accept that time and the money to advance in both of those animals… we euthanise the atomic [genetically] accompanying one. Is that a veterinary afterlife or is that administration euthanasia? I absolutely don't know. I wouldn't apperceive which cavalcade to put it in in the inventory… we aloof don't calculation them really."
So, how abounding advantageous animals are actuality put bottomward by zoos? We do not absolutely know.
There is acceptable acumen to anticipate it may be college than the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria estimates, because some zoos are not consistently absolutely recording these deaths, and others are not associates of EAZA in the aboriginal place.
Whatever the cardinal is, there are acceptable affidavit to accept it is apparently growing.
"Twenty years ago the giraffes didn't brand as able-bodied as they do today, so… automatically we run into these problems," says Bengt Holst, Scientific Administrator of Copenhagen Zoo.
"We cannot aloof aggrandize the zoo. Of advance we accept to realise, 'OK, what do we again do with the surplus?' and we fabricated our decision."
There is affirmation that a cardinal of European ancestry programmes for added brand are additionally activity actual able-bodied - conceivably too well.
The EAZA Yearbook 2007/2008 (the latest about accessible edition) states acutely that a "breed and cull" action should be followed for some animals, like the pygmy hippopotamus.
Surpluses are a botheration with a cardinal of species, including monkeys and baboons, it notes.
So, unless European zoos accept the American convenance of application contraception to anticipate the bearing of surplus animals, alternative is actuality to stay.
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animal kill counter - Occupy for Animals! | how many animals are killed each dayYou can accept to Hannah Barnes' address on BBC Radio 4's The Address at 20:00 GMT on Thursday, or afterwards on the iPlayer.
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