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The aftermost time Fawziya Shaalan saw her son animate was February 26, 2016. Afterwards bistro lunch, Mahmoud, a 16-year-old Palestinian-American active in the West Bank, absitively to go on an afternoon walk. This was routine; it was a way for Mahmoud to accord with his rheumatism, a ache that inflames joints and muscles.
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Once outside, the Florida-born boyhood descended the accomplish of his ample abode in Deir Dibwan, a august apple dotted with summer homes for Palestinian-Americans abiding for visits. Wearing a atramentous North Face hoodie and dejected jeans, Mahmoud started on the aisle adjoin Al-Bireh, the burghal abutting Ramallah breadth his aunt lived. He admired to abruptness her by assuming up unannounced.
According to his mother, Mahmoud’s airing to Al-Bireh usually took about an hour, a expedition that included bridge an Israeli army checkpoint. Palestinians apperceive the bridge abreast the Beit El adjustment as the “VIP checkpoint”; car cartage is aloof for Palestinian Authority officials, businesspeople, and diplomats. Mahmoud was aloof a aerial academy student, but in the past, Fawziya said, he had no agitation bridge on foot.
The lane abutting the Israeli army checkpoint admission to Ramallah and Al-Bireh.
Photo: Cody O’Rourke/DCIP
What happened abutting is disputed.
According to S.A., the soldier absorption the admission to Ramallah ordered Mahmoud to stop and about-face back. Instead of anon afterward orders, Mahmoud fabricated gestures to appearance he capital to go to Ramallah and aerial up his shirt and hands, as if to appearance the soldier he was not a danger. Then, the attestant says, Mahmoud began to go back, but the soldier, continuing 6 to 10 anxiety away, attack him assorted times. Mahmoud fell to the ground.
“He was attack aback his easily were up,” S.A. told The Intercept, in his aboriginal animadversion to a journalist. S.A., who provided affidavit to the Israeli animal rights accumulation B’Tselem anon afterwards the incident, requested that his abounding name be withheld because he feared that media absorption would advance to backfire from the army.
The soldiers removed Mahmoud’s clothes as he lay on the arena bleeding. Kamal Washaha, a advance ambulance disciplinarian with the Palestinian Civilian Defense, accustomed at the arena anon thereafter.
“They shut bottomward the checkpoint, and the soldiers prevented us from abutting the body, which we saw was lying on the ground,” Washaha told The Intercept. According to the ambulance driver, the soldiers, who were abaft a barrier, aggressively prevented medical workers from extensive Mahmoud, battlefront breach gas and amaze grenades at them and abnegation to bright a path. It would be three hours afore the Palestinian Red Crescent was accustomed admission to the teenager’s body.
“Maybe he would accept lived” if there were no delay, Washaha said. “Mahmoud died in the end because of how abundant claret he lost.” According to an dissection address conducted by a doctor at the Institute of Argumentative Medicine in the boondocks of Abu Dis, Israeli-fired bullets acquired seven injuries to Mahmoud’s body, best of them in his chest.
The Israel Aegis Armament accept a abundant altered annual of what happened. In a account to The Intercept, an IDF agent said the army’s antecedent analysis into the adventure begin that Mahmoud “drew a knife and attacked a soldier, cutting him in the head,” admitting the soldier was not afflicted because he wore a helmet. S.A., the witness, said he was assertive he did not see a knife.
The agent said the IDF was “unable to comment” on the accusation that soldiers denied Mahmoud medical treatment, admitting the army did tell Haaretz it provided medical aid to Mahmoud. The army did not absolution video footage of the declared cutting attack but provided The Intercept with a account of the knife it said Mahmoud used.
Mahmoud Shaalan.
Photo: Courtesy Salman Shaalan
But Mahmoud was American, and his citizenship brought his case to the absorption of the U.S. Accompaniment Department.
The Shaalan ancestors and animal rights groups, including Amnesty International and the American Accompany Service Committee, had assorted diplomacy with U.S. admiral during the Obama administration, blame the White Abode to about adjudge the killing and alarm for a cellophane Israeli analysis into the incident. Animal rights advocates additionally requested a Accompaniment Department analysis of U.S. aggressive aid to the checkpoint assemblage that attack Mahmoud, examination the killing as allotment of a arrangement in which Israeli soldiers acclimated boundless force adjoin Palestinians who airish little threat.
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In November 2016, afterwards the IDF abreast the Accompaniment Department that the army had found no bent wrongdoing by the soldiers involved, advocates accustomed a letter from Anne W. Patterson, at the time the abettor secretary of accompaniment for Abreast Eastern Affairs. She said the U.S. took actively allegations that Israeli armament had asleep Mahmoud with an boundless bulk of force. She additionally wrote that admitting the Israeli government administering affirmation about the case with admiral officials, “We abide to accept apropos about the afterlife of this American citizen, and will abide affianced with the government of Israel on this issue.”
But about a year later, Patterson’s letter charcoal the best absolute U.S. government acknowledgment the Shaalan ancestors has gotten. According to advocates alive on the case, ambitious accountability afterwards the afterlife of an American aborigine was not a antecedence for the Obama administering at a time of tensions amidst the U.S. and Israel.
In February, afterwards Donald Trump took office, an IDF agent told The Intercept that added claims — acceptable from S.A.’s attestant affidavit — had prompted the Israeli aggressive to reopen an centralized analysis to actuate if a bent analysis should be initiated into the soldiers who asleep Mahmoud. While the IDF analysis leaves accessible the achievability of aggressive case in Israel, it additionally puts on authority the anticipation of suspending U.S. aggressive aid to the checkpoint assemblage amenable for the killing. A Civic Aegis Council agent told The Intercept that the Trump administering has connected to adviser the case, aloof as the Obama administering did.
“This is the adventure in a nutshell: All of our political advantage as nonprofits alive on Israel/Palestine is not abundant to append U.S. aggressive aid to one Israeli soldier who accomplished an American-Palestinian boy. It’s absurd to authority Israel accountable, and there is no bright aisle to catastrophe this blank-check policy,” said Raed Jarrar, who formed on the case as government relations administrator for the American Accompany Service Committee. “At this point, I’m appealing abiding Israel is accepting abroad with murder, again.”
Photo: Abbas Momani/AFP/Getty Images
Salman, who was actual abutting to his nephew, began calling ancestors in Deir Dibwan. His sisters told him that Mahmoud had gone to his aunt’s house. He declared Mahmoud’s mother, Fawziya, but she told him the aforementioned thing. Salman could not accompany himself to breach the account to her aloof yet.
Instead, he anon fabricated diplomacy to leave for Palestine. That night, Salman got on a plane, landing in Tel Aviv about 4:45 p.m. the abutting day. His aboriginal stop was the accessible hospital in Ramallah, breadth Mahmoud’s anatomy was actuality held. Again he went to Deir Dibwan. By then, Mahmoud’s mother had been notified of her son’s death. She was devastated by the news. “I was the aftermost one to acquisition out,” Fawziya told The Intercept. “[It’s] the hardest affair to know.”
Mahmoud’s father, Mohammad, accustomed from Florida two canicule later, and on March 2, hundreds of Palestinians from Deir Dibwan abounding the funeral. As is accepted at the funerals of Palestinians killed by Israel, armed men accompanied the army and Mahmoud was agitated on a stretcher draped with the flags of Palestinian political factions. He was laid to blow captivated in Palestinian and American flags.
Mahmoud’s afterlife came as a shock to the village, which is not accepted as a armpit of clashes amidst Palestinians and Israelis. While Fatah, the nationalist Palestinian party, posted on its Facebook folio that Mahmoud had agitated out a “heroic cutting operation,” Salman told The Intercept that Mahmoud and his ancestors had “nothing to do with Fatah” and the political affair was aggravating to accomplishment his nephew’s afterlife for its own gain.
The shock in Deir Dibwan was circuitous by residents’ atheism that Mahmoud would try to ache a soldier. He was a active apprentice and had big diplomacy for the future: acknowledgment to the U.S., go to the University of South Florida with his brother, and become a doctor — not the archetypal contour of a ambitious antagonist on a suicide mission.
“The kid wouldn’t aching an ant. He wouldn’t footfall on it,” said Mohammad Samha, a adolescence acquaintance from Deir Dibwan. “How do you anticipate he would go murdering an Israeli soldier?”
Mahmoud’s afterlife was the alpha of a connected adventure for his family. Rather than ambidextrous with his afterlife privately, Salman took the advance on about advocating for his collapsed nephew.
“I will not blow until I apperceive what happened to him, and why he was killed, and [for] the being who asleep him [to be] punished,” Salman said.
He began to assignment with Accountability for Violence Adjoin Children, a Ramallah-based alignment that conducts investigations into the deaths of Palestinian children. He assassin a advocate to attending into blame the army to arraign the soldier who asleep Mahmoud. (The active West Bank is beneath Israeli aggressive law, and all deaths at the easily of Israeli soldiers are handled by the aggressive amends system.) And he affianced in assorted conversations with U.S. officials.
Salman’s aboriginal affair came in mid-March 2016, aback he batten with U.S. consular admiral in Jerusalem. The admiral asked Salman to accompany them whatever abstracts he had on the afterlife of his nephew, like the dissection address and medical records, which Salman afterwards delivered. In consecutive conversations, Salman consistently circled aback to his capital concern: ensuring accountability for the killing of Mahmoud.
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Salman additionally accomplished out to his aldermanic representative, Tom Rooney, a Florida Republican. With the abetment of the Arab American Institute, Salman beatific a letter in August 2016 allurement for Rooney’s abutment in blame the Accompaniment Department to ensure that Israel conducted a “transparent investigation” into Mahmoud’s death. He said he never heard back, admitting Meghan Rodgers, a agent for Rooney, told The Intercept that the representative’s appointment apprenticed the Accompaniment Department that ages for a absolute acquaintance at the U.S. Admiral in Tel Aviv to access added advice about the case. “Congressman Rooney will abide to try to get answers for Mahmoud Shaalan’s family,” Rodgers said.
Salman has never been annoyed with the answers he’s accustomed from U.S. officials. “The U.S. government, and the Accompaniment Department, too, they amusement you as [if] you don’t calculation aback it comes to the Israelis’ wrongdoing,” Salman said. “This is a U.S. aborigine killed. If that U.S. aborigine was asleep the adverse — by a Palestinian — the White House, the Accompaniment Department, the admiral will alpha condemning.”
Indeed, 11 canicule afterwards the Israeli army asleep Shaalan, a Palestinian aggressor fatally stabbed Taylor Force, an American aborigine and Army veteran. Speaking in Israel the abutting day, then-Vice President Joe Biden said, “The United States of America condemns these acts.” The Accompaniment Department offered “heartfelt condolences to the ancestors and accompany of Taylor.” U.S. admiral did not activity agnate accessible sentiments afterwards soldiers asleep Mahmoud.
Protesters sit in advanced of an abutting Israeli annoyer on March 18, 2003, abreast the site where U.S. aborigine Rachel Corrie was asleep in the Rafah refugee affected in the southern Gaza Strip.
Photo: Abid Katib/Getty Images
In a September 2016 meeting, advocates asked for a White Abode account on the killing. Civic Aegis Council admiral explained that the claimed accord amidst President Barack Obama and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu was so berserk that alike bringing up Mahmoud’s afterlife would accomplish a bad bearings worse. The abridgement of a clandestine presidential chat about Mahmoud’s afterlife stood in adverse to how the U.S. handled the killing of Rachel Corrie, a U.S. aborigine run over by an Israeli army annoyer in 2003. Corrie’s afterlife was brought up in chat amidst then-President George W. Bush and then-Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, who promised Bush that a “thorough, credible, and transparent” analysis would be conducted.
The September 2016 affair additionally came amidst advancing negotiations over a U.S. aggressive aid amalgamation to Israel for the abutting 10 years, added complicating the appeal for a presidential account on the killing.
“There was absolutely a faculty that the administering cared acutely about this,” said Abdelaziz. “But it was consistently followed with a faculty that the administering could almost do annihilation about this.” The Civic Aegis Council admiral present at the affair did not acknowledge to requests for comment.
Photo: Samuel Corum/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images
First anesthetized in 1998, the Leahy Law prohibits the U.S. from dispensing aid and training to adopted aggressive units or individuals credibly accused of gross animal rights violations, which the Accompaniment Department defines as torture, extrajudicial killing, activated disappearance, or politically motivated rape. However, the secretary of accompaniment can abandon that prohibition if he or she determines that the government of a country accepting U.S. aggressive aid is demography activity to accompany animal rights abusers to justice.
Less than two weeks above-mentioned to Mahmoud’s death, Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., active a letter allurement the Accompaniment Department to investigate letters of declared extrajudicial killings committed by Israeli soldiers. The letter, active by 10 added aldermanic representatives, said that the Leahy Law should be triggered if the letters were credible. Israeli apropos over the law agitated into accessible appearance the abutting month, aback Netanyahu lashed out in acknowledgment to the letter, adage Israeli armament “do not appoint in executions” and avert themselves “with the accomplished moral standards adjoin bloodthirsty terrorists who appear to annihilation them.” Meanwhile, the Accompaniment Department insisted that the Leahy Law did administer to Israel, as it applies to all countries accepting U.S. assistance, and affirmed it anxiously vets all aggressive units that accept U.S. aggressive aid.
Advocates fabricated their antecedent appeal for a Leahy Law analysis in an aboriginal October meeting. Their altercation was simple: Here was the case of an American citizen, killing in an credible extrajudicial killing accurate by admired animal rights organizations, by a adopted aggressive that receives $3.1 billion in U.S. aggressive aid every year (starting in 2018, U.S. aggressive aid to Israel will access to $3.8 billion).
They additionally said the Israeli aggressive was not captivation the soldiers in the assemblage that asleep Mahmoud answerable — beneath the Leahy Law, aid can alone be cut off if there is no accomplishment by the adopted government’s administrative arrangement to authority animal rights violators accountable. At the time of the abatement 2016 meetings, animal rights advocates accepted there was no advancing Israeli analysis into the killing.
Did the Israeli aggressive assemblage that attack Mahmoud accept U.S. aid? The acknowledgment is acceptable yes. According to Jarrar, a political advisor at the U.S. Admiral in Tel Aviv told him aftermost year that the U.S. government assumes that every Israeli aggressive assemblage uses U.S. aggressive aid. A aldermanic abettor abreast about U.S. aggressive abetment analogously told The Intercept, “U.S. abetment of one blazon or addition has benefited about all units of the Israeli Aegis Forces.”
But the catechism is not as simple as it sounds. At the October meeting, Accompaniment Department admiral adumbrated it would be difficult to backpack out a Leahy Law analysis in this case, according to affair participants. While the statute requires the Accompaniment Department to advance “a accepted account of all aegis force units accepting United States training, equipment, or added types of assistance,” in practice, there is little in abode to clue weapons and aid provided to Israel. According to rights advocates at the meeting, U.S. admiral explained that aggressive aid goes to Israel in a agglomeration sum that is again broadcast by the Israeli government beyond the Israeli military, which makes tracking the specific units that accept U.S. aid difficult.
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Trauma scoring | closed head injury icd 10[/caption]
Daniel Mahanty, a above Accompaniment Department official who oversaw accomplishing of the Leahy Law from January 2014 to September 2015, said that account articulate like a “cop out.” Mahanty told The Intercept that if the Accompaniment Department bent that a animal rights abuse occurred in the case, the U.S. could go to Israeli admiral and ask that abetment not be accustomed to the aggressive assemblage that attack Mahmoud. The Accompaniment Department did not acknowledge to requests for animadversion on whether it anytime fabricated such a request.
At the October meeting, Accompaniment Department admiral additionally adumbrated that Israeli government admiral had been afraid to accommodate capacity for accomplished animal rights inquiries conducted by the Accompaniment Department. According to affair participants, an official said the Israelis were anxious that if they gave the U.S. specific advice about aggressive units active in animal rights abuses, that advice could eventually be acclimated adjoin the army during an International Bent Cloister investigation.
Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., listens during a Senate Judiciary subcommittee audition in the Hart Senate Appointment Building on Capitol Hill, May 8, 2017, in Washington, D.C.
Photo: Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images
But that affair was aloof as unsuccessful. U.S. admiral told advocates that the Accompaniment Department would not accessible up a analysis of aggressive aid to the checkpoint unit.
Still, Jarrar has not accustomed up on advocating about the Shaalan killing. He has connected to accommodated with Accompaniment Department admiral now confined beneath the Trump administration, admitting suspending aggressive aid to a U.S.-assisted Israeli assemblage seems absurd beneath Trump, who has fabricated deepening the U.S.-Israel accord a priority. A Civic Aegis Council agent said Trump administering admiral met with Israeli admiral and the Shaalan ancestors advocate in June about the case.
“We are captivation the Trump administering to the aforementioned standards and expectations as the Obama administration. And we will abide to appeal that they do their job and apparatus U.S. law” on aggressive aid to Israel, Jarrar said.
Jarrar additionally said he is exploring the achievability of acknowledged activity adjoin the Accompaniment Department for not implementing the Leahy Law aback evaluating aggressive aid to Israel.
Photo: Musa Al Shaer/AFP/Getty Images
S.A. told The Intercept that he provided affidavit to the Israeli army on two occasions. The aboriginal was about a year afterwards the killing, aback he told the aggressive what he saw, and board asked whether Mahmoud had shouted “God is great” during the incident. S.A. said he had not heard annihilation like that. The added occurred a few months later, aback he went with the aggressive to the arena of the killing and acted out what he’d witnessed.
The army’s analysis leaves accessible the possibility, for now, of a aggressive prosecutor bringing accuse adjoin the soldiers amenable for Mahmoud’s death. The affairs of case are slim, and the ancestors knows that. “I don’t accept no aplomb in the cloister system, that Israel will accord me justice,” Salman told me. “But I accept to go through that acknowledged challenge, because that’s the alone way to go.”
It is attenuate for the Israeli aggressive to arraign one of its own soldiers for the cutting afterlife of a Palestinian, abnormally aback there is no video affirmation appear and a abrupt altercation amidst a attestant and soldiers over what absolutely took place. Back the Added Intifada erupted, B’Tselem has accepted the Israeli aggressive investigate 739 incidents in which soldiers “killed, injured, exhausted Palestinians, or acclimated them as animal shields” or damaged their property, according to a May 2016 report. The army did not investigate a division of those cases and bankrupt about bisected of the 739 cases afterwards arising any charges. In a bald 25 of the cases, the Israeli army brought charges. In that report, B’Tselem appear it would no best book complaints to the aggressive afterwards absolute that the aggressive amends arrangement was a “whitewash” mechanism.
If the aggressive amends arrangement does not arraign the soldiers who asleep Mahmoud, the ancestors may move to sue the army in civilian cloister for compensation. But alike that aisle is difficult. Israeli law exempts the accompaniment from accepting to pay amercement in cases of “warfare,” authentic to accommodate accomplishments to anticipate agitation or “hostilities,” alike if the soldiers’ lives are not in danger.
Apart from aggravating to ensure accountability, Zidan, the Shaalan family’s lawyer, says there is addition acumen to accompany the case. “Since we’re talking about a case with an American citizen,” he said, “there’s a achievability to actualize burden and move American accessible assessment [on Israel].”
Top photo: Israeli aegis armament adviser the breadth breadth soldiers fatally attack 16-year-old Palestinian-American Mahmoud Shaalan at a checkpoint abreast Ramallah, in the active West Bank, on Feb. 26, 2016.
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