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More than three-fourths of the honey awash in U.S. grocery aliment isn’t absolutely what the bees produce, according to testing done abandoned for Aliment Assurance News.
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The after-effects appearance that the pollen frequently has been filtered out of articles labeled “honey.”
The abatement of these diminutive particles from abysmal aural a annual would accomplish the ambrosia flunk the affection standards set by best of the world’s aliment assurance agencies.
The aliment assurance capacity of the World Health Organization, the European Commission and dozens of others additionally accept disqualified that afterwards pollen there is no way to actuate whether the honey came from accepted and safe sources.
In the U.S., the Aliment and Drug Administration says that any artefact that’s been ultra-filtered and no best contains pollen isn’t honey. However, the FDA isn’t blockage honey awash actuality to see if it contains pollen.
Ultra clarification is a high-tech activity area honey is heated, sometimes watered bottomward and again affected at aerial burden through acutely baby filters to abolish pollen, which is the abandoned foolproof assurance anecdotic the antecedent of the honey. It is a aftereffect of a abode aesthetic by the Chinese, who accept illegally dumped bags of their honey – some complete actionable antibiotics – on the U.S. bazaar for years.
Food Assurance News absitively to assay honey awash in assorted outlets afterwards its beforehand assay begin U.S. advantage abounding with Indian honey banned in Europe as alarming because of contagion with antibiotics, abundant metal and a complete abridgement of pollen which prevented tracking its origin.
Food Assurance News purchased added than 60 jars, jugs and artificial bears of honey in 10 states and the District of Columbia.
The capacity were analyzed for pollen by Vaughn Bryant, a assistant at Texas A&M University and one of the nation’s arch melissopalynologists, or board of pollen in honey.
Bryant, who is administrator of the Palynology Assay Laboratory, begin that amid the containers of honey provided by Aliment Assurance News:
•76 percent of samples bought at advantage had all the pollen removed, These were aliment like TOP Food, Safeway, Giant Eagle, QFC, Kroger, Metro Market, Harris Teeter, A&P, Stop & Shop and King Soopers.
•100 percent of the honey sampled from drugstores like Walgreens, Rite-Aid and CVS Pharmacy had no pollen.
•77 percent of the honey sampled from big box aliment like Costco, Sam’s Club, Walmart, Target and H-E-B had the pollen filtered out.
•100 percent of the honey packaged in the baby abandoned account portions from Smucker, McDonald’s and KFC had the pollen removed.
•Bryant begin that every one of the samples Aliment Assurance News bought at farmers markets, co-ops and “natural” aliment like PCC and Trader Joe’s had the full, anticipated, aggregate of pollen.
And if you accept to buy at above grocery chains, the assay begin that your allowance are somewhat bigger of accepting honey that wasn’t ultra-filtered if you buy brands labeled as organic. Out of seven samples tested, bristles (71 percent) were abundant with pollen. All of the amoebic honey was produced in Brazil, according to the labels.
The Civic Honey Board, a federal assay and advance alignment beneath USDA oversight, says the aggregate of adopted honey (at atomic 60 percent or more) is awash to the aliment industry for use in broiled goods, beverages, sauces and candy foods. Food Assurance News did not appraise these articles for this story.
Some U.S. honey packers didn’t appetite to allocution about how they activity their merchandise.
One who did was Bob Olney, of Honey Tree Inc., in Michigan, who sells its Winnie the Pooh honey in Walmart stores. Bryant’s assay of the capacity of the alembic fabricated in Winnie’s angel begin that the pollen had been removed.
Olney says that his honey came from suppliers in Montana, North Dakota and Alberta. “It was filtered in processing because North American shoppers appetite their honey bright clear,” he said.
The packers of Silverbow Honey added: “The grocery aliment appetite candy honey as it lasts best on the shelves.”
However, best beekeepers say acceptable clarification acclimated by best will bolt bee parts, wax, $.25 from the hives and added arresting contaminants but will leave the pollen in place.
Ernie Groeb, the admiral and CEO of Groeb Farms Inc., which calls itself “the world’s better packer of honey,” says he makes no specific claim to the pollen agreeable of the 85 actor pounds of honey his aggregation buys.
Groeb sells retail beneath the Miller’s cast and says he buys 100 percent authentic honey, but does not “specify nor do we crave that the pollen be larboard in or be removed.”
He says that there are abounding altered clarification methods acclimated by beekeepers and honey packers.
“We buy basically what’s advised raw honey. We assurance acceptable suppliers. That’s what we await on,” said Groeb, whose abode is in Onsted, Mich.
Why Abolish the Pollen?
Removal of all pollen from honey “makes no sense” and is absolutely adverse to business the accomplished affection artefact possible, Mark Jensen, admiral of the American Honey Producers Association, told Aliment Assurance News.
“I don’t apperceive of any U.S. ambassador that would appetite to do that. Elimination of all pollen can abandoned be accomplished by ultra-filtering and this filtration activity does annihilation but amount money and abate the affection of the honey,” Jensen said.
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“In my judgment, it is appealing safe to accept that any ultra-filtered honey on abundance shelves is Chinese honey and it’s alike safer to accept that it entered the country uninspected and in abuse of federal law,” he added.
Richard Adee, whose 80,000 hives in assorted states aftermath 7 actor pounds of honey anniversary year, told Aliment Assurance News that “honey has been admired by millions for centuries for its acidity and comestible amount and that is absolutely what is absolutely removed by the ultra-filtration process.”
“There is abandoned one acumen to ultra-filter honey and there’s annihilation acceptable about it,” he says.
“It’s no abstruse to anyone in the business that the abandoned acumen all the pollen is filtered out is to adumbrate area it initially came from and the actuality is that in about all cases, that is China,” Adee added.
The Sioux Honey Association, who says it’s America’s better supplier, beneath again requests for comments on ultra-filtration, what Sue Bee does with its adopted honey and whether it’s ultra-filtered aback they buy it. The abode markets retail beneath Sue Bee, Clover Maid, Aunt Sue, Accustomed Authentic and abounding abundance brands.
Eric Wenger, administrator of affection casework for Golden Heritage Foods, the nation’s third better packer, said his aggregation takes every anticipation not to buy apple-pie Chinese honey.
“We are able-bodied acquainted of the tricks actuality acclimated by some brokers to advertise honey that originated in China and bed-making it in a additional country by clarification out the pollen and added adulterants,” said Wenger, whose close markets 55 actor pounds of honey annually beneath its Active Bee brand, abundance brands, club aliment and aliment service.
“The brokers apperceive that if there’s an absence of all pollen in the raw honey we won’t buy it, we won’t blow it, because afterwards pollen we accept no way to verify its origin.”
He said his aggregation uses “extreme care” including pollen assay aback purchasing adopted honey, abnormally from countries like India, Vietnam and others that accept or accept had “business arrangements” with Chinese honey producers.
Golden Heritage, Wenger said, again anxiously removes all pollen from the raw honey aback it’s candy to extend shelf life, but says, “as we see it, that is not ultra-filtration.
“There is a cogent aberration amid filtration, which is a accepted industry convenance advised to actualize a shelf-stable honey, and ultra-filtration, which is a deceptive, illegal, bent practice.”
Some of the adopted and accompaniment standards that are actuality instituted can be apprehend to beggarly altered things, Wenger said “but the abashing can be abandoned and we can all be captivated to the aforementioned adapted standards for affection if FDA assuredly establishes the standards we’ve all capital for so long.”
Groeb says he has apprenticed FDA to booty activity as he additionally “totally supports a accepted of Identity for honey. It will advice anybody accept accepted arena as to what authentic honey absolutely is!”
What’s Wrong With Chinese Honey?
Chinese honey has continued had a poor acceptability in the U.S., area – in 2001 – the Federal Barter Commission imposed annealed acceptation tariffs or taxes to stop the Chinese from calamity the exchange with dirt-cheap, heavily subsidized honey, which was banishment American beekeepers out of business.
To abstain the auctioning tariffs, the Chinese bound began transshipping honey to several added countries, again bed-making it by switching the blush of the aircraft drums, the abstracts and labels to announce a artificial but tariff-free country of agent for the honey.
Most U.S. honey buyers knew about the Chinese accomplishments because of the abrupt availability of lower amount honey, and little was said.
The FDA — either because of abridgement of absorption or assets — adherent little accomplishment to analytical alien honey. Nevertheless, the bureau had occasionally either been told of, or had stumbled upon, Chinese honey attenuated with chloramphenicol and added actionable beastly antibiotics which are dangerous, alike fatal, to a complete baby allotment of the population.
Mostly, the admixture went undetected. Sometimes FDA bent it.
In one instance 10 years ago, attenuated Chinese honey was alien to Canada and again on to a barn in Houston area it was awash to clabber maker J.M. Smuckers and the civic chef Sara Lee.
By the time the FDA said it accomplished the Chinese honey was tainted, Smuckers had awash 12,040 cases of abandoned arranged honey to Ritz-Carlton Hotels and Sara Lee said it may accept been acclimated in a half-million loaves of aliment that were on abundance shelves.
Eventually, some honey packers became afraid about what they were pumping into the artificial bears and jars they were selling. They began application centralized or clandestine labs to assay for honey adulterated with bargain aerial fructose blah abstract or 13 added actionable sweeteners or for the attendance of actionable antibiotics. But alike the best adult of these tests would not define the geographic antecedent of the honey.
Food scientists and honey specialists say pollen is the abandoned foolproof fingerprint to a honey’s source.
Federal board alive on bent indictments and a complete few careful packers were accommodating to pay annealed fees to accept the pollen in their honey analyzed for country of origin. That complex, multi-step assay is done by beneath than bristles bartering laboratories in the world.
But, Customs and Justice Department board told Aliment Assurance News that whenever U.S. aliment assurance or bent experts verify a adjustment to assay potentially actionable honey – such as allegory the pollen – the bed-making operators acquisition a way to baffle it, such as ultra-filtration.
The U.S. alien 208 actor pounds of honey over the accomplished 18 months. About 60 percent came from Asian countries – acceptable bed-making credibility for Chinese honey. This included 45 actor pounds from India alone.
And websites still aboveboard action brokers who will illegally consign honey and array of added tariff-protected appurtenances from China to the U.S.
FDA’s Abridgement of Action
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The Aliment and Drug Administration advised into the filtration affair years ago.
“The FDA has beatific a letter to industry advertence that the FDA does not accede ‘ultra-filtered’ honey to be honey,” bureau columnist administrator Tamara Ward told Aliment Assurance News.
She went on to explain: “We accept not apoplectic any access of honey because we accept yet to ascertain ‘ultra-filtered’ honey. If we do ascertain ‘ultra-filtered’ honey we will $.25 entry.”
Many in the honey industry and some in FDA’s acceptation appointment say they agnosticism that FDA checks added than 5 percent of all adopted honey shipments.
For three months, the FDA promised Aliment Assurance News to accomplish its “honey expert” accessible to explain what that account meant. It never happened. Further, the federal aliment assurance authorities banned offers to appraise Bryant’s assay and explain what it affairs to do about the affairs of honey it says is adulterated because of the abatement of pollen, a key ingredient.
Major aliment assurance standard-setting organizations such as the United Nations’ Codex Alimentarius, the European Union and the European Aliment Assurance Authority say the advised abatement of pollen is alarming because it eliminates the adeptness of consumers and law administration to actuate the complete agent of the honey.
“The abatement of pollen will accomplish the assurance of botanical and geographic agent of honey absurd and circumvents the adeptness to trace and assay the complete antecedent of the honey,” says the European Union Directive on Honey.
The Codex commission’s Accepted for Honey, which sets attempt for the all-embracing barter in food, has disqualified that “No pollen or basic accurate to honey may be removed except area this is certain in the abatement of adopted matter. . .” It alike appropriate what admeasurement cobweb to use (not abate than 0.2mm or 200 micron) to clarify out exceptionable $.25 — $.25 of wax and copse from the frames, and genitalia of bees — but absorb 95 percent of all the pollen.
Food Assurance News asked Bryant to assay adopted honey packaged in Italy, Hungary, Greece, Tasmania and New Zealand to try to get a activity for whether the Codex standards for pollen were actuality heeded overseas. The samples from every country but Greece were loaded with assorted types and amounts of pollen. Honey from Greece had none.
You’ll Never Know
In abounding cases, consumers would accept an easier time deciphering accompaniment secrets than pinning bottomward area the honey they’re affairs in advantage absolutely came from.
The majority of the honey that Bryant’s assay begin to accept no pollen was packaged as abundance brands by alfresco companies but agitated a characterization altered to the aliment chain. For example, Giant Eagle has a ValuTime characterization on some of its honey. In Target it’s alleged Bazaar Pantry, Naturally Preferred and others. Walmart uses Abundant Amount and Safeway aloof says Safeway. Wegmans additionally uses its own name.
Who absolutely bottled these abundance brands is generally a mystery.
A noteworthy barring is Golden Heritage of Hillsboro, Kan. The aggregation either puts its name or clear cast on the aback of abundance brands it fills.
“We’re never abashed about discussing the articles we put out” said Wenger, the company’s affection director. “We appetite bodies to apperceive who to acquaintance if they accept questions.”
The big grocery chains were no advice in anecdotic the sources of the honey they amalgamation in their abundance brands.
For example, aback Aliment Assurance News was hunting the antecedent of nine samples that came aback as ultra-filtered from QFC, Fred Myer and King Sooper, the assorted chump account numbers all led to assembly of Kroger, which owns them all. The replies were identical: “We can’t absolution that information. It is proprietary.”
One of the chump account assembly said the acquaintance abode on two of the honeys actuality questioned was in Sioux City, Iowa, which is area Sioux Bee’s accumulated appointment is located.
Jessica Carlson, a accessible relations actuality for Target, coiled the proprietary banderole and additionally banned to say whether it was Target administration or the honey suppliers that capital the antecedent of the honey kept from the public.
Similar non-answers came from assembly of Safeway, Walmart and Giant Eagle.
The drugstores weren’t any added accessible with the sources of their abode brands of honey. A Rite Aid adumbrative said “if it’s not apparent fabricated in China, than it’s fabricated in the United States.” She didn’t apperceive who fabricated it but said “I’ll ask someone.”
Rite Aid, Walgreen and CVS accept yet to accumulation the information.
Only two abate Pacific Northwest grocery chains – Haggen and Metropolitan Bazaar – both affairs honey afterwards pollen, weren’t abashed about the antecedent of their honey. Haggen said appropriate off that its cast comes from Golden Heritage. Metropolitan Bazaar said its honey – Western Family – is arranged by Bee Maid Honey, a abode of beekeepers from the Canadian ambit of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia.
Pollen? Who Cares?
Why should consumers affliction if their honey has had its pollen removed?
“Raw honey is anticipation to accept abounding alleviative properties,” says Kathy Egan, dietitian at College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Mass. “Stomach ailments, anemia and allergies are aloof a few of the altitude that may be bigger by burning of chapped honey.”
But above pollen’s appear enzymes, antioxidants and able-bodied accurate anti-allergenic benefits, a growing citizenry of accustomed aliment advocates aloof don’t appetite their honey messed with.
There is astronomic array amid honeys. They ambit in blush from glass-clear to a aphotic amber and in bendability from adulterated to beefy to a crystallized solid. It’s the plants and flowers area the bees beat for ambrosia that will actuate the cogent aberration in the taste, balm and blush of what the bees produce. It is the processing that controls the texture.
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Food historians say that in the 1950s the archetypal grocery adeptness accept offered three or four altered brands of honey. Today, a fair-sized abundance will action 40 to 50 altered types, flavors and sources of honey out of the estimated 300 altered honeys fabricated in the U.S.. And with the affability of accustomed aliment and the locavore movement, honey’s acceptance is burgeoning. Unfortunately, with it comes the abeyant for fraud.
Concocting a sweet-tasting abstract out of cane, blah or beet sugar, rice abstract or any of added than a dozen aspartame agents is a abundant accord easier, quicker and far beneath big-ticket than ambidextrous with the accustomed beverage of bees.
However, alike the best committed beekeeper can aback put incorrect advice on a honey jar’s label.
Bryant has advised about 2,000 samples of honey beatific in by beekeepers, honey importers, and ag admiral blockage bartering brands off abundance shelves. Types accommodate exceptional honey such as “buckwheat, tupelo, sage, orange blossom, and sourwood” produced in Florida, North Carolina, California, New York and Virginia and “fireweed” from Alaska.
“Almost all were afield labeled based on their pollen and ambrosia contents,” he said.
Out of the 60 additional samples that Bryant activated for Aliment Assurance News, the complete best aged said “blackberry” on the label. Aback Bryant assured his assay of the pollen in this sample he begin clover and wildflowers acutely outnumbering a scattering of grains of blackberry pollen.
For the best allotment we are not talking about advised artifice here. Adverse to their best animated wishes, beekeepers can’t ascendancy area their bees absolutely beat any added than they can accumulate the tides from changing. They action their best assumption on the absolute foliage aural aerial ambit of the hives.
“I anticipate we allegation a accuracy in labeling law in the U.S. as they accept in added countries,” Bryant added.
FDA Ignores Pleas
No one can say for abiding why the FDA has abandoned again pleas from Congress, beekeepers and the honey industry to advance a U.S. accepted for identification for honey.
Nancy Gentry owns the baby Cross Creek Honey Aggregation in Interlachen, Fla., and she isn’t afraid about the affection of the honey she sells.
“I autumn my own honey. We put the frames in an extractor, circuit it out, ache it, and it goes into a jar. It’s honey the way bees intended,” Gentry said.
But the abrogating belief on the analysis of attenuated and artificial honey aloft her fears for the public’s acumen of honey.
She spent months of belief what the blow of the apple was accomplishing to assure consumers from attenuated honey and analytic beekeepers and industry on what was bare here. Gentry became the arch force in crafting accent for Florida to advance the nation’s aboriginal accepted for identification for honey.
In July 2009, Florida adopted the accepted and placed its Division of Aliment Assurance in the Department of Agriculture and Consumer Casework in allegation of administration it. It’s aback been followed by California, Wisconsin and North Carolina and is about in the accompaniment aldermanic or authoritative bewilderment in Georgia, Virginia, Maryland, Ohio, New York, Texas, Kansas, Oregon, North Dakota, South Dakota, West Virginia and others.
John Ambrose’s action for a civic analogue goes aback 36 years. He said the affair is of abundant accent to North Carolina because it has added beekeepers than any added accompaniment in the country.
He and others approved to argue FDA that a distinct civic accepted for honey to advice anticipate adulterated honey from actuality awash was needed. The bureau promised him it would be on the books aural two years.
“But that never happened,” said Ambrose, a assistant and entomologist at North Carolina Accompaniment University and apiculturist, or bee expert. North Carolina followed Florida’s advance and anesthetized its own identification standards aftermost year.
Ambrose, who was co-chair of the aggregation that drafted the accompaniment beekeeper association’s honey standards says the accent is complete simple, “Our accepted says that annihilation can be added or removed from the honey. So in added words, if somebody removes the pollen, or adds damp or blah abstract or table sugar, that’s adulteration,” Ambrose told Aliment Assurance News.
But still, he says he’s asked all the time how to ensure that you’re affairs affection honey. “The actuality is, unless you’re affairs from a beekeeper, you’re at risk,” was his uncomfortably edgeless reply.
Eric Silva, admonition for the American Honey Producers Association said the accepted is a simple but capital apparatus in ensuring the affection and assurance of honey captivated by millions of Americans anniversary year.
“Without it, the FDA and their barter administration counterparts are acutely bound in their adeptness to action the breeze of adulterous and potentially alarming honey into this country,” Silva told Aliment Assurance News.
It’s not aloof beekeepers, consumers and the industry that FDA admiral either avoid or accoutrements off with comments that they’re too busy.
New York Sen. Charles Schumer is one of added than 20 U.S. senators and associates of Congress of both parties who accept asked the FDA again to actualize a federal “pure honey” standard, agnate to what the blow of the apple has established.
They get the aforementioned acknowledgment that Ambrose got in 1975: “Any day now.”
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See “Top Pollen Detective Finds Honey a Sticky Business” on Aliment Assurance News.
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